Cardiff is Wales’s capital, a waterfront city of about 362,000 people (2021 census) that grew from a Roman fort site into a major coal-export port in the 19th century and today is known for its castles, stadium atmosphere and creative scene. The visitor core is compact: Cardiff Castle sits right in the city centre, the arcades and shopping streets lead down to the revived Cardiff Bay (home to the Senedd and the Wales Millennium Centre), and the Principality Stadium dominates match and concert days. For museums and a quick deep-dive into Welsh history, St Fagans is a classic half-day trip just outside the centre, while parks and riverside paths (Bute Park and the Taff trail) make it easy to balance sightseeing with fresh air. Getting in and around is straightforward by train to Cardiff Central and on local buses, with Cardiff Airport (CWL) about 13 miles west of the city.
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